Plagiocephaly, commonly referred to as "flat head syndrome," is a condition characterized by an asymmetrical flattening of a baby’s head. While often harmless, it can lead to concerns about aesthetics, development, and overall head shape. In this blog, we’ll explore the causes, signs, diagnosis, and treatment options for plagiocephaly, helping parents understand this condition and how to manage it effectively.

What is Plagiocephaly?

Plagiocephaly is a term derived from Greek, meaning "oblique head." It occurs when one side of a baby’s head becomes flattened, often leading to a noticeable asymmetry. The condition is most common in infants under six months old and is typically diagnosed during routine pediatric check-ups.

Types of Plagiocephaly

  1. Positional Plagiocephaly: This is the most common type and is usually caused by prolonged pressure on one part of the head, often due to sleeping positions or consistent head positioning during wakefulness.
  2. Congenital Plagiocephaly: This type is less common and is caused by issues during fetal development, such as restrictions in the womb (intrauterine constraint) or abnormalities in skull formation.

Causes of Plagiocephaly

Several factors can contribute to the development of positional plagiocephaly:

  • Sleep Position: The "Back to Sleep" campaign has significantly reduced sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) but has inadvertently led to increased cases of plagiocephaly as babies spend more time lying on their backs.
  • Torticollis: This condition, where a baby’s neck muscles are tight or shortened, can cause them to favor one side when lying down, contributing to head flattening.
  • Extended Time in Car Seats or Swings: Spending long periods in these devices can put pressure on one part of the head.
  • Multiple Births: Twins or multiples may have less space in the womb, leading to flattening of the head.

Signs and Symptoms

Parents can look for the following signs to determine if their baby may have plagiocephaly:

  • Flattened Area on the Back or Side of the Head: A noticeable flat spot can often be seen or felt.
  • Asymmetrical Features: One ear may appear pushed forward compared to the other, or the forehead may bulge more on one side.
  • Preferred Head Positioning: The baby may consistently turn their head to one side.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of plagiocephaly typically occurs during a pediatric check-up. Healthcare professionals will conduct a physical examination of the baby’s head shape and may use the following methods:

  • Observation: A visual assessment to note any asymmetries.
  • Measurements: Taking measurements of the head can help quantify the degree of asymmetry.
  • Imaging: In some cases, a doctor may recommend imaging studies (like a CT scan) to rule out any underlying conditions, especially for congenital plagiocephaly.

Treatment Options

While many cases of positional plagiocephaly resolve naturally as the baby grows and begins to sit up, several treatment options can help speed up this process:

  1. Repositioning Techniques: Parents can encourage their babies to change head positions during sleep and playtime. Placing toys on the side opposite the flat spot can motivate the baby to turn their head.
  2. Physical Therapy: If torticollis is present, physical therapy can help strengthen neck muscles and encourage better head positioning.
  3. Helmets or Cranial Orthoses: In moderate to severe cases, a custom-fitted helmet may be prescribed. These helmets gently reshape the head over time by applying slight pressure to the prominent areas. For more information about the Talee Cranial Helmet download the Talee app on your Apple device. Check out our FAQ page here for other questions you might have! 
  4. Education and Support: Parents can benefit from resources and support groups that provide information on managing plagiocephaly and its associated challenges.

Conclusion

Plagiocephaly, while often a benign condition, can raise concerns for many parents. Understanding its causes, signs, and treatment options is crucial for effective management. With proper intervention and guidance, most infants with plagiocephaly can achieve a more symmetrical head shape as they grow. If you suspect your baby has plagiocephaly, consult with a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and personalized recommendations. Early intervention can make a significant difference, helping your child thrive!