Brachycephaly is a term that describes a condition characterized by a broad, short head shape. It is often a topic of concern for parents and caregivers, especially in infants, as it can affect both aesthetics and development. In this blog, we’ll delve into the causes, signs, diagnosis, and treatment options for brachycephaly, providing a comprehensive overview to help you better understand this condition.

What is Brachycephaly?

Brachycephaly is derived from Greek words meaning "short" and "head." It refers to a specific head shape where the width is greater than the length, resulting in a flattened appearance at the back of the skull. This condition can occur as a result of various factors, including positioning in infancy and cranial deformities.

Types of Brachycephaly

  1. Positional Brachycephaly: This is the most common type and results from prolonged pressure on one area of the skull, often due to a baby spending too much time lying on their back.
  2. Congenital Brachycephaly: This type is less common and is typically associated with craniosynostosis, a condition in which one or more of the sutures in a baby’s skull fuse prematurely, leading to an abnormal head shape.

Causes of Brachycephaly

Several factors can contribute to the development of brachycephaly:

  • Sleeping Position: The "Back to Sleep" campaign has effectively reduced the incidence of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) but has led to an increase in positional brachycephaly. Babies who spend prolonged periods lying on their backs may develop flattening at the back of the head.
  • Torticollis: This condition involves tightness in the neck muscles, which can cause a baby to favor turning their head to one side, contributing to head shape deformities.
  • Intrauterine Constraints: In cases of multiple births or limited space in the womb, babies may be positioned in a way that affects head shape.
  • Craniosynostosis: This congenital condition occurs when one or more skull sutures fuse too early, resulting in restricted skull growth and a characteristic head shape.

Signs and Symptoms

Parents should look for the following signs to identify potential brachycephaly in their infant:

  • Flat Spot on the Back of the Head: A noticeable flat area at the back of the skull.
  • Wider Head Shape: The head may appear broader than usual, especially when viewed from above.
  • Asymmetry: One side of the forehead may bulge out more than the other, leading to an uneven appearance.
  • Preferred Head Positioning: The baby may consistently turn their head to one side, which can exacerbate the condition.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of brachycephaly typically occurs during routine pediatric check-ups. Healthcare providers will conduct a physical examination of the baby’s head shape and may use the following methods:

  • Observation: Visual assessments to identify flattening and asymmetry.
  • Measurements: Taking measurements of the head to quantify the degree of brachycephaly.
  • Imaging: In certain cases, imaging studies (like a CT scan) may be recommended to evaluate the structure of the skull and rule out craniosynostosis.

Treatment Options

The treatment for brachycephaly depends on its severity and underlying causes:

  1. Repositioning Techniques: Parents can implement strategies to encourage their babies to change head positions during sleep and playtime. For instance, placing toys on the opposite side of the flat spot can motivate the baby to turn their head.
  2. Physical Therapy: If torticollis is present, physical therapy can help stretch and strengthen neck muscles, allowing for better head positioning.
  3. Helmet Therapy: In moderate to severe cases of positional brachycephaly, a custom-fitted helmet may be prescribed. These helmets gently reshape the head over time by applying slight pressure to the prominent areas. For more information about the Talee Cranial Helmet download the Talee app on your Apple device. Check out our FAQ page here for other questions you might have! 
  4. Education and Support: Parents can benefit from resources that provide information on managing brachycephaly and understanding the condition’s implications.

Conclusion

Brachycephaly is a condition that can raise concerns for many parents, but with the right understanding and intervention, most infants can achieve a more balanced head shape as they grow. Early identification and appropriate management are key to promoting healthy development. If you suspect your baby has brachycephaly, consult with a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and personalized recommendations. With proper care, you can help your child thrive and reach their developmental milestones!